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Home»Articles»Effect of Type of Adhesive Material on the Strength of Bullet-Proof Glass: A Parametric Study

Effect of Type of Adhesive Material on the Strength of Bullet-Proof Glass: A Parametric Study

Author : Nitin Thakur, Rabinder Singh Bharj and Pramod Kumar
Volume 8 No.1 January-June 2019 pp 8-10

Abstract

Laminated glass armors play key roles in defense and architecture due to its high aesthetics and inviolability. Armor designing is based upon Wave propagation phenomena produced during a high velocity impact. Laminated glass or bulletproof glass usually comprises of two or more glass sheets bonded by an interfacial layer of adhesives and backed with a high strength ductile polymer (polycarbonate). Typical bonding agents include either high performance adhesives or synthetic resins such as Polyurethane or Polyvinyl butyral (PVB). Recent literature review infers that the ballistic performance of armors is markedly influenced by both the type and thickness of bonding agents, which may be explained by the acoustic impedance mismatch between laminate materials. This paper documents a novel simulation parametric study, considering the material of adhesive layer and thus concluding that, type of adhesive layer plays an important role in maintaining the strength of the bullet-resistant glass. This study took into account the effect of three types of bonding agents (epoxy, polyurethane and PVB) having constant thickness of 1.50 mm, on the ballistic performance of the laminated glass, against AK-47 ammunition projectiles. Simulations were performed in Ansys Explicit Dynamics using a finite element method approach.

Keywords

Bullet-Proof Glass, Adhesives, Ansys, Ak-47

Full Text:

References

[1] N. Thakur, R. S. Bharj, and P. Kumar, “Dynamic Material Model Parameters for Laminated Glass by Analytical Approach and its
Simulation as per EN 1063”, Mat. Tod: Pro., Vol. 5, No. 14, pp. 27893–27901, Dec. 2018.
[2] E. Strassburger, S. Bauer, and G. Popko, “Damage visualization and deformation measurement in glass laminates during projectile penetration”, Defe. Tech.,Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 226-238, June 2014.
[3] R. Klement, S. Rolc,and R. Mikulikova, “Transparent armour materials”, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., Vol. 28,No. 5, pp. 1091-1095, 2008.
[4] J. R.Warner, and M. Wightman, ED.,Laminate design effects on the fracture patterns of impact resistance glass panels, Ceram. Trans: American ceramic society, Vol. 230, 2012
[5] X. Chen, and N. Chandra, “The effect of heterogeneity on plane wave propagation through layered composites”, Compo. Scie. and tech., Vol.64, No. 10, pp. 1477–1493, August 2004.
[6] X. Chen, N. Chandra, and A. M. Rajendran, “Analytical solution to the plate impact problem of layered heterogeneou s material systems”,Inter. J. of soli. andstruc., Vol.41, No. 16, pp. 4635–4659, August 2004.
[7] J. López-Puente, “The effect of the thickness of the adhesive layer on the ballistic limit of ceramic/metal armours. An experimental and numerical study”,Inter.J.of imp. Engg., Vol.32, No. 1-4, pp. 321–336, December 2005.
[8] R. Zaera, “Modelling of the adhesive layer in mixed ceramic/metal armours subjected to impact”,Comp. Part A: Appl. Scie. and Manu .,Vol. 31, No. 8, pp. 823–833, August 2000.
[9] R. S. Bharj,and S Kumar, “The Effect of Size, Thickness, and Type of the Bonding Interlayer on Bullet Proof Glass as per EN 1063”, Int. J. Mech. Aero. Ind. Mecha. Manu. Engg., Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 391–394, 2014.
[10] A. Krimi, S. khelladi, X. Nogueira,M. Deligant,R. Ata,and M. Rezoug, “Multiphase Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics approach for modeling Soil-Water interactions”,Adv. in Wat. Reso., Vol. 121, pp. 189-205, November 2018.
[11] M.F.Buchely, J. D. Acuna, and A. Maranon, “Effect of the bonding layer on ballistic performance of personal protective plate armor”,Euro. Conf. on comp. mat., Venice, Italy, 24-28, June 2012.
[12] T. J. Holmquist, and G. R. Johnson, “A Computational Constitutive Model for Glass Subjected to Large Strains, High Strain Rates and High Pressures”,J. Appl. Mech., Vol. 78, No. 5, pp. 51-63, 2011.
[13] M. Larcher, G. Solomos, F. Casadei, and N. Gebbeken, “Experimental and numerical investigations of laminated glass subjected to blast loading”,Int. J. Impact Eng., Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 42–50, June 2012.
[14] W. Toqueboeuf, B. Mortaigne, and C. Cottenot, “Dynamic Behavior of Polycarbonate / Polyurethane Multi-Layer for Transparent Armor”,J. Phys. IV., Vol. 7, Mar 1997.
[15] T. Bjerke, Z. Li, and J. Lambros, “Role of plasticity in heat generation during high rate deformation and fracture of polycarbonate”,Int. J. Plast., Vol. 18,pp. 549–567, 2002.
[16] G. R. Johnson, and W. H. Cook, “Fracture characteristics of three metals subjected to various strains, strain rates, temperatures and pressures”,Eng. Fract. Mech., Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 31–48, 1985.
[17] M. Teotia, and R. K. Soni, “Polymer Interlayers for Glass Lamination-A Review”,Inter. J. of Sci. and Res., Vol. 3, No. 8, pp. 1264-1270, August 2014.

Asian Review of Mechanical Engineering (ARME) is a half-yearly international peer-reviewed journal of Mechancial Engineering. One of the objectives of this journal is to disseminate knowledge on various research issues connected with the topics include, but are not limited to:

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Instrumentation and measurement
Thermodynamics, heat transfer, energy conversion, and HVAC
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Mechanism design (including kinematics and dynamics)
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Laminated glass armors play key roles in defense and architecture due to its high aesthetics and inviolability. Armor designing is based upon Wave propagation phenomena produced during a high velocity impact. Laminated glass or bulletproof glass usually comprises of two or more glass sheets bonded by an interfacial layer of adhesives and backed with a high strength ductile polymer (polycarbonate). Typical bonding agents include either high performance adhesives or synthetic resins such as Polyurethane or Polyvinyl butyral (PVB). Recent literature review infers that the ballistic performance of armors is markedly influenced by both the type and thickness of bonding agents, which may be explained by the acoustic impedance mismatch between laminate materials. This paper documents a novel simulation parametric study, considering the material of adhesive layer and thus concluding that, type of adhesive layer plays an important role in maintaining the strength of the bullet-resistant glass. This study took into account the effect of three types of bonding agents (epoxy, polyurethane and PVB) having constant thickness of 1.50 mm, on the ballistic performance of the laminated glass, against AK-47 ammunition projectiles. Simulations were performed in Ansys Explicit Dynamics using a finite element method approach.

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Department Of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
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Department of Mechanical Engineering, Selçuk University, Turkey
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Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
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Prof.H.P.S Abdul Khalil
School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
[email protected]
Dr. Ong Hwai Chyuan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
[email protected]
Prof.Parviz Malekzadeh
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Iran
[email protected]
Dr. Mohd Faizul Bin Mohd Sabri
Department Of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
[email protected]
Dr. Chong Wen Tong
Department Of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
[email protected]
Dr. Mohd Ridha Bin Muhamad
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
[email protected]
Dr. Khoo Shin Yee
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
[email protected]
Dr. Chew Bee Teng
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
[email protected]
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Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
[email protected]

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    Editorial Note

    Editorial Dr. Nukman Bin Yusoff

    Editor-in-Chief
    Dr. Nukman Bin Yusoff
    Department Of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Editorial Advisory Board
    Prof.Kevser Dincer
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Selçuk University, Turkey
    [email protected]
    Dr. Kazi Md. Salim Newaz
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Prof.H.P.S Abdul Khalil
    School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Ong Hwai Chyuan
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Prof.Parviz Malekzadeh
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Iran
    [email protected]
    Dr. Mohd Faizul Bin Mohd Sabri
    Department Of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Chong Wen Tong
    Department Of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Mohd Ridha Bin Muhamad
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Khoo Shin Yee
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Chew Bee Teng
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Liew Haw Ling
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
    [email protected]

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