
Asian Journal of Science and Applied Technology (AJSAT)
Grey-Water Treatment and Reuse: A Review
Author : R. Prashanna Rangan and K. HeenalishaVolume 8 No.1 January-June 2019 pp 5-9
Abstract
Globalization as well as Rapid industrialization had made an evil impact and led to the over usage of water, since it has been raised drastically in the last decade. This increase in water demand has led to a situation at which humans find difficulty in availing the water for their needs. There has been a great technological research been conducted on waste water recycling methods. Grey-water is a form of waste water, consisting of kitchen water, bathrooms, dish and cloth washers. Reusing of Grey-water has become a better choice, but since the amount of dissolved contents are unknown, it is mandatory to recycle before reuse. Since Grey-water is less in organic and BOD content and free from faecal matter for reproduction of bacteria, it could be recycled easily by adapting various techniques. The recycled water may be used for many regenerative purposes, say irrigating the agricultural lands, toilet flushings, home garden watering, etc. this paper aims in revolving the possible techniques that can be utilized for recycling the grey-water.
Keywords
Grey-Water Recycling, Waste Water Control, Reuse Techniques, Water Scarcity, Urbanization, Treatment Technologies, Water Sustainability
References
[1] Karnapa Ajit, “A Review on Grey Water Treatment and Reuse”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 2665-2668, May. 2016.
[2] Esther S. Parish, Evan Kodra, Karsten Steinhaeuser, and Auroop R. Ganguly, “Estimating future global per capita water availability based on changes in climate and population”, Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 42, pp-79-86, Feb.2012.
[3] P. M. Parameshwara Murthy, B. M. Sadashiva Murthy, and S. Kavya, “Greywater Treatment & Reuse: A Technological Review”, Global Journal for Research Analysis, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 408-410, Mar. 2016.
[4] M. D. Nirmala, K. Muthukumar, and G. Ravikumar, “Review of Greywater Treatment Methods”, International Conference on Current Research in Engineering Science and Technology, pp. 76-94, 2016.
[5] Lina Abu Ghunmi, Grietje Zeeman, Manar Fayyad, and Jules B. Van Lier, “Grey Water Treatment Systems: A Review”, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 41, pp. 657-698, Mar. 2011.
[6] Aarhas University, Worldwide water shortage by 2040, Science Daily, Jul. 2014.
[7] Sara Moslemi Zadeh, V. L. Dexter, Hunt, D. Rachel Lombardi and Christopher. D. F. Rogers, “Shared Urban Grey water Recycling Systems: Water Resource Savings and Economic Investment”, Sustainability, Vol. 5, pp. 2887-2912, Jul. 2013.
[8] Narges Shamabadi, Hasan Bakhtiari, Nafise Kochakian and Mahmood Farahani, “The Investigation and Designing of an Onsite Grey Water Treatment Systems at Hazrat-e-Masoumeh University, Qom, IRAN”, Energy Procedia, Vol. 74, pp. 1337-1346, Oct. 2015.
[9] Water reuse guidance manual factsheet, USEPA, 2012.
[10] Amr M. Abdel-Kader, “Studying the efficiency of grey water treatment by using rotating biological contactors system”, Journal of King Saud University – Engineering Sciences, Vol. 25, pp. 89-95, May. 2013.
[11] J. Laaffat, F. Aziz, N. Ouazzani, and L. Mandi, “Biotechnological approach of grey water treatment and reuse for landscape irrigation in small communities”, Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, pp. 1-8, Jan. 2017.
[12] Anwaruddin Ahmed Wurochekke, Nurul Azma Harun, Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed, and Amir Hashim Bin Mohd. Kassim, “Constructed Wetland of Lepironia Articulata for Household Grey water Treatment”, Science Direct, Vol. 10, pp. 103-109, Feb. 2014.
[13] Robert. I. McDonald, Pamela Green, Deborah Balk, Balazs M. Fekete, Carmen Revenga, Megan Todd, and Mark Montgomery, “Urban growth, climate change, and freshwater availability”, PNAS, Vol. 108, No. 15, pp. 6312-6317, Feb. 2011.
[14] Othman A. Al-Mashaqbeh, Ayoup M. Ghrair, and Sharon B. Megdal, “Grey Water Reuse for Agricultural Purposes in the Jordan Valley: Household Survey Results in Deir Alla”, Water, Vol. 4, pp. 580-596, 2012.
[15] Charles P. Gerba, Timothy M. Straub, Joan B. Rose, Martin M. Karpiscak, Kennith E. Foster, and Richard G. Brittain, “Quality Study of Gray water Treatment Systems”, Journal of American Water resources Association, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 109-116, 1995.
[16] Alison Wood, Michael Blackhurst, Troy Hawkins, Xiaobo Xue, Nicholas Ashbolt, and Jay Garland, “Cost-effectiveness of nitrogen mitigation by alternative household wastewater management technologies”, Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 150, pp. 344-354, Jan. 2015.
[17] Krupa Naik, Riddhi Shah, and Priya Jain, “Analysis, Reuse and Recycling of Grey Water”, Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering, pp. 128-133, Mar. 2016.
[18] K. Hyde, M. J. Smith, and K. Adeyeye, “Developments in the quality of treated grey water supplies for buildings, and associated user perception and acceptance”, International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, Vol. 12, pp. 136–140, Feb. 2016.
[19] Martina Rysulova, Daniela Kaposztasova, and Zuzana Vranayova, “Green Walls as an Approach in Grey Water Treatment”, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 245, pp. 1-4, Jul. 2017.
[20] Eric. W. Cato, PE, Junshan Liu, and Bruce. W. Smith, “Grey water Recycling Systems: Can These Systems Gain Public Support?” 48th ASC Annual International Conference Proceedings, 2012.
[21] M. Pidou, F. A. Memon, T. Stephenson, B. Jefferson, and P. Jeffrey, “Grey water recycling: treatment options and applications”, Engineering Sustainability, Vol. 60, pp. 119-131, Jul. 2007.
[22] Kamal Rana, Mitali Shah, and Amita Upadhyay, “Integrated Approach towards Grey Water Management”, International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, Vol. 3, No.1, pp. 239-242, Jan. 2014.