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Home»Articles»Photocatalytic Degradation of Allopurinol using Cerium Oxide

Photocatalytic Degradation of Allopurinol using Cerium Oxide

Author : K. Sridevi Lakshmi , J. Jeyanthi and R. Bhuvaneswari
Volume 7 No.2 July-December 2018 pp 39-44

Abstract

Allopurinol (AP) is an antigout drug under the brand names Zyloprim and Zyloric. It is a structural isomer of hypoxanthine, a naturally occurring purine in the body which inhibits xanthine oxidase that results in decrease in uric acid formation. In this work, degradation of aqueous solution of Allopurinol by photocatalysis was studied using CeO2. The CeO2 was synthesized by Co-Precipitation method and it was characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDAX), FTIR and BET Surface Area Analyzer. FTIR confirms the finger print region for CeO2around 829.92cm-1. Surface area of CeO2 was measured as 64.42m2g-1 by BET surface area analysis. The optical and thermal stability was determined using DRS UV-Visible spectroscopy and Thermo gravimetric analysis. In this study the concentrations of Allopurinol was quantified using UV-Visible Spectroscopy. The feasibility of photo degradation of allopurinol using CeO2 was carried out in the presence of UV irradiation of 254 nm. The optimization of process control parameters such as catalyst dosage, pH and allopurinol concentration was assessed. From the assessment, degradation rate decreases with increase in initial concentration of Allopurinol whereas it increases with increase in CeO2 concentration up to 0.04g/l. In case of pH, degradation constant increases with increase in pH from 8.5 to 11.

Keywords

Allopurinol, Cerium oxide, Characterization, Photocatalysis

Full Text:

References

[1] Khayoon, et al., “Spectrophotometric Determination of Allopurinol in Tablet Formulation”, Journal of Physical Science, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 23-30, 2008.
[2] Srujani. Ch., et al., “UV spectroscopic method development and validation of allopurinol in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form”, World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol. 3, No. 9, pp. 1404-1413, 2014.

[3] Farzadkia et al., “Photocatalytic degradation of Metrodinazole with illuminated TiO2 nanoparticles”, Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, Vol. 13, No. 35, DOI 10.1186/s40201-015-0194-y, 2015.
[4] Hoffmann., et al., “Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis”, Vol. 95, No. 1, pp. 69-96, 1995.
[5] YongqingZhai., et al., “Preparation, Characterisation and Photocatalytic activity of CeO2 nano crystalline using ammonium bicarbonate as precipitant”, Materials Letters, Vol. 61, pp. 1863–1866, 2007.
[6] Jazmin Calvache-Munoz, et al., “Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Tentative Mechanism of Particle Formation”, in Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.10 16/j.colsurfa.2017.05.059
[7] S. Sarkar, et al., “Photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical wastes by alginate supported TiO2 nanoparticles in packed bed photo reactor”, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2015. [Online].
Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.02.035i,
[8] Devadoss, et al., “Structural, Optical, Morphological and Dielectric Properties of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles”, Materials Ressearch, Vol. 19, No. 2, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1 590/1980-5373-MR-2015-0698.
[9] E. K. Goharshadi, et al., “Fabrication of cerium oxide nanoparticles: Characterisation and optical properties”, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 356, pp. 473-480, 2011.
[10] B. Rajkumar, et al., “Reverse phase HPLC method development and validation for the simultaneous quantitative estimation of alpha lipoic acid and allopurinol in tablets”, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 307-312, 2014.
[11] C. Benmouhoub, et al., “Synthesis and characterization of Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles”, Materials Science Forum, Vol. 609, pp. 189-194, 2009.
[12] Liming yang, et al., “Degradation of paracetamol in aqueous solution by TiO2 photocatalysis”, Water research, Vol. 42, pp. 3480-3488, 2008.

The Asian Review of Civil Engineering (TARCE) is a half-yearly international peer-reviewed journal of Civil Engineering. One of the objectives of this journal is to disseminate knowledge on various research issues connected with the topics include, but are not limited to:

Coastal engineering
Construction engineering
Earthquake engineering
Environmental engineering
Geotechnical engineering
Water resources engineering
Materials engineering
Structural engineering
Surveying
Transportation engineering
Municipal or urban engineering

Allopurinol (AP) is an antigout drug under the brand names Zyloprim and Zyloric. It is a structural isomer of hypoxanthine, a naturally occurring purine in the body which inhibits xanthine oxidase that results in decrease in uric acid formation. In this work, degradation of aqueous solution of Allopurinol by photocatalysis was studied using CeO2. The CeO2 was synthesized by Co-Precipitation method and it was characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDAX), FTIR and BET Surface Area Analyzer. FTIR confirms the finger print region for CeO2around 829.92cm-1. Surface area of CeO2 was measured as 64.42m2g-1 by BET surface area analysis. The optical and thermal stability was determined using DRS UV-Visible spectroscopy and Thermo gravimetric analysis. In this study the concentrations of Allopurinol was quantified using UV-Visible Spectroscopy. The feasibility of photo degradation of allopurinol using CeO2 was carried out in the presence of UV irradiation of 254 nm. The optimization of process control parameters such as catalyst dosage, pH and allopurinol concentration was assessed. From the assessment, degradation rate decreases with increase in initial concentration of Allopurinol whereas it increases with increase in CeO2 concentration up to 0.04g/l. In case of pH, degradation constant increases with increase in pH from 8.5 to 11.

Editor-in-Chief
Prof. Francesco Colangelo
Department of Engineering, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Italy
[email protected]
Editorial Advisory Board
Dr. Suhana Binti Koting
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
[email protected]
Dr. Abdul Rahman Mohd. Sam
Department of Structure and Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
[email protected]
Prof. Sr Mokhtar Azizi Bin Mohd Din
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
[email protected]
Prof. N. Anuja
Department of Civil Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, India
[email protected]
Dr. Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya
Department of Geotechnics and Transportation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
[email protected]
Dr. Johan Bin Sohaili
Department of Civil Engineering , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
[email protected]
Dr. Norhisham Bin Bakhary
Department of Structure and Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
[email protected]
Dr. Sitti Asmah Hassan
Department of Geotechnics and Transportation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
[email protected]
Dr. Libriati Binti Zardasti
Department of Structures and Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
[email protected]
Dr. Nor Zurairahetty Mohd Yunus
Department of Geotechnics and Transportation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
[email protected]
Dr. Zaiton Haron
Department of Structure and Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
[email protected]
Dr. Rini Asnida Abdullah
Department of Geotechnics and Transportation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
[email protected]
Dr. Mohd Razman bin Salim
Department of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
[email protected]
Dr. Norhidayah Abdul Hassan
Department of Geotechnics and Transportation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
[email protected]
Dr. Yuen Choon Wah
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
[email protected]

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    Editorial Note

    Editorial Prof. Francesco Colangelo

    Editor-in-Chief
    Prof. Francesco Colangelo
    Department of Engineering, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Italy
    [email protected]
    Editorial Advisory Board
    Dr. Suhana Binti Koting
    Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Abdul Rahman Mohd. Sam
    Department of Structure and Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Prof. Sr Mokhtar Azizi Bin Mohd Din
    Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Prof. N. Anuja
    Department of Civil Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, India
    [email protected]
    Dr. Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya
    Department of Geotechnics and Transportation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Johan Bin Sohaili
    Department of Civil Engineering , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Norhisham Bin Bakhary
    Department of Structure and Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Sitti Asmah Hassan
    Department of Geotechnics and Transportation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Libriati Binti Zardasti
    Department of Structures and Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Nor Zurairahetty Mohd Yunus
    Department of Geotechnics and Transportation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Zaiton Haron
    Department of Structure and Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Rini Asnida Abdullah
    Department of Geotechnics and Transportation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Mohd Razman bin Salim
    Department of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Norhidayah Abdul Hassan
    Department of Geotechnics and Transportation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Yuen Choon Wah
    Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
    [email protected]

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