Asian Review of Social Sciences (ARSS)
Post-War Livelihood Development in Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka
Author : Suresh Kanesh and Mumthaj SameemVolume 7 No.2 July-September 2018 pp 102-106
Abstract
This paper examines the post war livelihood development in Batticaloa district, in the East coast of Sri Lanka. Batticaloa has been ravaged three decades of civil war and end of war the district has been emerging the development path. This paper discusses trends of major livelihood recovery of the district,fishing, agriculture, tourism and financial sector development in the district. Number of developments programmes initiated by the successive governments and international organizations in the district. This study measures the stakeholder perspectives of the livelihood recovery of the district. The study used primary data from more than 200 sample respondents and interviews with relevant stakeholders. The study revealed that major livelihood such as fishing and agriculture improved slightly since end of the war 2009. However, lack of financial support and basic infrastructure hinder the livelihood initiatives. Study further revealed that the absent of small industries or factories in the district causes persistent youth unemployment.
Keywords
Livelihood, Conflict, Poverty, Development, Batticaloa District
Full Text:
References
[1] Ashley, C. & Carney D. (1999). Sustainable Livelihoods: Lessons from early experience. London, DFID, Department for International Development.
[2] Balakrishnan, N. (2010). Post war development in North and East Sri Lanka, International symposium, EUSL.
[3] Bebbington A. (1999). Capital and Capabilities: A Framework for Analyzing Peasant Viability, Rural Livelihood and Poverty, World Development, 27(12).
[4] BenediktKorf. (2002). War and Livelihoods and Vulnerability in Sri Lanka.
[5] Carney D. (1998). Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: Department for International Development, London.
[6] CathrineBrun and Ragnhild Lund. (2008).Making a home during crisis: post tsunami in a context of war, Sri Lanka. Singapore Journal of tropical Geography, 29.
[7] Central Bank of Sri Lanka, (2009). Annual Report.
[8] Cernea M. (2000). Risks, safeguards and reconstruction: a model for population displacement and resettlement‟ in Cernea, M.M and McDowell, C. (eds): Washington DC, World Bank.
[9] Chambers R. (1995). Poverty and Livelihoods: Whose Reality Counts?‟ IDS Discussion.
[10] Chambers, R. & Conway G. (1992). Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: Practical Concepts for the 21st Century. IDS Discussion Paper 296. Brighton: IDS.
[11] DCSSL (2009). Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka.
[12] Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y.S. (Eds.). (1994). Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
[13] DER (2000). A Framework for Poverty Reduction in Sri Lanka, Colombo: Department of External Resources, Government of Sri Lanka.
[14] Devereux.S. (2001). Livelihood Insecurity and Social Protection: A re-emerging Issue in Rural Development. Development Policy Review, 19(4).
[15] DFID, (2000). Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets: Department for International Development, London.
[16] Ellis, F. (2002). Introduction to K Hussein, Livelihoods approaches compared: A multi-agency review of current practice, DFID and ODI, London.
[17] Ellis, F. (2000). Rural Livelihoods and Diversity in Developing Countries. Oxford: University Press.
[18] Goodhand, J. (2001). Violent Conflict, Poverty and Chronic Poverty, Chronic Poverty Research Centre Paper No. 6, Manchester: Chronic Poverty Research Centre.
[19] Goodhand, Jonathan. (2000). Research in Conflict Zones: Ethics and Accountability. Forced Migration Review, 8.
[20] Karen Jacobsen. (2002). Livelihood in conflict, International migration, 40(5), 95-123.
[21] Kelegama, Saman. (1999). Economic Cost of Conflict in Sri Lanka in Rotberg, R.I., ed 1999. Creating Peace in Sri Lanka. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press.
[22] Korf B. and K.T. Silva. (2003). Poverty, Ethnicity and Conflict in Sri Lanka, Paper presented at the conference Staying Poor: Chronic Poverty and Development Policy’ University of Manchester.
[23] Sarvananthan, M. (2003). Economic revival in North and East Sri Lanka: what are the Impediments?.Economic and Political Weekly, 38(19).
[24] Schafer, J. (2002). Working Paper 183: Supporting Livelihoods in Situations of Chronic.
[25] Scoones Ian. (1998). Sustainable rural livelihoods: a framework for analysis, IDS, working paper, 72.
[26] Twigg, J. (2001). Sustainable Livelihoods and Vulnerability to Disaster‟, Benfield Greig Hazard Research Centre, Disaster Management working paper.
[27] UNDP, (1998). National Human Development Report – Sri Lanka.