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Home»Articles»Women Food Vendors in the Hills of Manipur: An Empirical Study

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Asian Review of Social Sciences (ARSS)

Editor Dr. Lakshmi Narayanan
Print ISSN : 2249 – 6319
Frequency : Quarterly

Women Food Vendors in the Hills of Manipur: An Empirical Study

Author : Masot Zingkhai and Sarita Anand
Volume 8 No.1 January-March 2019 pp 30-33

Abstract

Ukhrul a hill district in Manipur State, India was selected for a study of women food vendors. One of the key objectives of the study was to find out the many reasons that drive them into food vending venture and to draw a light upon their everyday struggle. Purposive sampling method was used for the study. The investigator used in-depth interview method with the help of structured interview schedule. The leading factor that came up when looked into the reason that drives them into this business was for them to be able to provide for their family livelihood. Most of the women belonged to a less privilege backgrounds and for them to be able to have a means to make available the needs for their family and be independent financially is a strong hold of empowerment and motivation. Poor educational background and lack of other employment opportunities compel most of these women to look for an occupation like food vending that does not require much start-up capital and requires little or no educational qualification. Major management of their family needs was met by their income. Food variety and availability for their own family consumption significantly magnifies when women enters this venture. The major challenges experience by them in their business was their constant everyday struggle to get profit from their perishable food items before they get spoiled while keeping up with their fellow competitors. Dealing with complains and disapproval of occupation of certain space by permanent shop keepers and local authorities are also their common struggle. They make the food preferred by the people in the region easily available in the street at cheap affordable prices and making the street effortlessly lively as well with their presence. But yet their contribution for the society in which they exist still seems to be invisible or ignored in general with hardly any provision of basic facilities such as vending sheds or toilets, etc. Measures to meet their basic necessities and improving their social security, needs to be urgently addressed by the concerned authorities.

Keywords

Women Vendors, Hill District of Manipur, Struggles, Motivation

Full Text:

References

[1] Bhowmik, S. (2000). Hawkers and the urban informal sector: A study of street vendors in six cities. [ebook] Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO), pp.1-32. Retrieved from http://www.wiego.org/sites/ default/files/ publications/ files/Bhowmik-Hawkers-Urban-Informal-Sector.pdf [Accessed 20 Dec. 2018].

[2] Njaya, T & Murangwa, S.I. (2016).Why do Female Street Vendors earn less than Male Street Vendors in Harare? International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 5(11), 23-27. Available at: https://www.ijbmi.org/ papers/Vol(5)11/version-/C051103023027.pdf [Accessed 20 Dec. 2018].

[3] Cohen, Monique, Mihir Bhatt, and Pat Horn. Women Street Vendors: The Road to Recognition, SEEDS no. 20. New York: Population Council. Retrieved from https://www.popcouncil.org/uploads/pdfs/ popbriefs/pb7_1.pdf [Accessed 20 Dec. 2018].

[4] Roever, S. (2014). Informal Economy Monitoring Study Sector Report: Street Vendors (Rep.). Retrieved December 19, 2018, from Women in Informal Employment Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO) from http://www.wiego.org/sites/ default/files/publications/ files/IEMS-Sector-Full-Report-Street-Vendors.pdf

[5] Destombes, T. (2010). Informal entrepreneurs: Street vendors, their livelihoods and the influence of social capital (Master’s thesis).International Development Studies USC UU. Retrieved from https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/ 1874/44523[Accessed 20 Dec. 2018].

[6] Thompson, D. (2011, January 31). Women Are More Responsible With Money, Studies Show. The Atlantic. Retrieved November 11, 2018, from https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/ 01/ women-are-more-responsible-with-money-studies-show/70539/.

[7] Jena, M. (2016, October 21). ‘This forest is like an old friend’ – India’s tribal women fight for land ownership. Thomson Reuters Foundation News. Retrieved December 12, 2018, from https://news.trust.org/ item/20161021130259-wwqgl/.

Asian Review of Social Sciences (ARSS) is a quarterly international peer-reviewed journal of Social Sciences. One of the objectives of this journal is to disseminate knowledge on various research issues connected with the topics include, but are not limited to:

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Ukhrul a hill district in Manipur State, India was selected for a study of women food vendors. One of the key objectives of the study was to find out the many reasons that drive them into food vending venture and to draw a light upon their everyday struggle. Purposive sampling method was used for the study. The investigator used in-depth interview method with the help of structured interview schedule. The leading factor that came up when looked into the reason that drives them into this business was for them to be able to provide for their family livelihood. Most of the women belonged to a less privilege backgrounds and for them to be able to have a means to make available the needs for their family and be independent financially is a strong hold of empowerment and motivation. Poor educational background and lack of other employment opportunities compel most of these women to look for an occupation like food vending that does not require much start-up capital and requires little or no educational qualification. Major management of their family needs was met by their income. Food variety and availability for their own family consumption significantly magnifies when women enters this venture. The major challenges experience by them in their business was their constant everyday struggle to get profit from their perishable food items before they get spoiled while keeping up with their fellow competitors. Dealing with complains and disapproval of occupation of certain space by permanent shop keepers and local authorities are also their common struggle. They make the food preferred by the people in the region easily available in the street at cheap affordable prices and making the street effortlessly lively as well with their presence. But yet their contribution for the society in which they exist still seems to be invisible or ignored in general with hardly any provision of basic facilities such as vending sheds or toilets, etc. Measures to meet their basic necessities and improving their social security, needs to be urgently addressed by the concerned authorities.

Editor-in-Chief
Dr. Lakshmi Narayanan
Department of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar University, Oman
[email protected]
Editorial Advisory Board
Dr. Mashitah Binti Hamidi
Department of Social Administration and Justice, University of Malaya, Malaysia
[email protected]
Dr. Jillian Ooi Lean Sim
Department of Geography, University of Malaya, Malaysia
[email protected]
Dr. Haris Bin Abd Wahab
Department of Social Administration and Justice, University of Malaya, Malaysia
[email protected]
Dr. Mohana Dass Ramasamy
Department of Indian Studies, University of Malaya, Malaysia
[email protected]
Dr. Ma Tin Cho Mar @ Noorjahan Bi Bi
Department of South East Asian Studies, University of Malaya, Malaysia
[email protected]
Dr. Asbah Binti Razali
Department of Anthropology and Sociology, University of Malaya, Malaysia
[email protected]
Dr. Azharudin Bin Mohamed Dali
Department of History, University of Malaya, Malaysia
[email protected]
Dr. Hasmah Binti Zanuddin
Department of Media Studies, University of Malaya, Malaysia
[email protected]

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    Editorial Note

    Editorial Dr. Lakshmi Narayanan

    Editor-in-Chief
    Dr. Lakshmi Narayanan
    Department of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar University, Oman
    [email protected]
    Editorial Advisory Board
    Dr. Mashitah Binti Hamidi
    Department of Social Administration and Justice, University of Malaya, Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Jillian Ooi Lean Sim
    Department of Geography, University of Malaya, Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Haris Bin Abd Wahab
    Department of Social Administration and Justice, University of Malaya, Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Mohana Dass Ramasamy
    Department of Indian Studies, University of Malaya, Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Ma Tin Cho Mar @ Noorjahan Bi Bi
    Department of South East Asian Studies, University of Malaya, Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Asbah Binti Razali
    Department of Anthropology and Sociology, University of Malaya, Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Azharudin Bin Mohamed Dali
    Department of History, University of Malaya, Malaysia
    [email protected]
    Dr. Hasmah Binti Zanuddin
    Department of Media Studies, University of Malaya, Malaysia
    [email protected]

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